Reading Standards for Literature Grade 1
Key Ideas and Details
Ask and answer questions about a literary text using key details from the text.
Retell stories, using key details, and demonstrate understanding their message (e.g., teach a lesson, make you laugh, tell a scary story, tell about an event) or lesson.
Describe characters, settings, major events, and problem-solution in a story, play, or poem, using key details.
Craft and Structure
Identify words and phrases in stories, plays, or poems that suggest feelings or appeal to the senses.
Explain major differences between books that tell stories and books that give information (fiction, non-fiction, and poetry), drawing on a wide reading of a range of text types.
Identify who is telling the story at various points in the text (e.g., a character in the text or a narrator/storyteller).
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
Use illustrations and details in a story read or read aloud to describe its characters, events, setting, or problem-solution.
(Not applicable to literature)
With prompting and support, compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in stories.
Range of Reading and Level of Complexity
- With prompting and support, read prose and poetry from a variety of cultures of appropriate complexity for grade 1.
Reading Standards for Informational Text Grade 1
Key Ideas and Details
With prompting and support, elicit background/prior knowledge and experience in order to ask and answer questions about an informational text using key details from the text.
Identify the main topic or author's purpose (e.g., to teach or tell us about ...) and retell key details of a text.
Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text.
Craft and Structure
Ask and answer questions to help determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases in a text.
Know and use various text features (e.g., title, labels with graphics, bold print, visual cues such as arrows, electronic menus, icons) to locate key facts or information in a text.
Distinguish between information provided by photos or other graphics and information provided by the words in a text.
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
Use the illustrations and details in a text to describe its key ideas.
Identify the opinions an author states to support points in a text.
Identify basic similarities in and differences between information presented in two texts on the same topic (e.g., compare two graphics, descriptions, or steps in a process to make something).
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
- With prompting and support, read informational texts on a range of topics appropriately complex for grade 1, with scaffolding as needed.
Reading Standards: Foundational Skills Grade 1
Print Concepts
Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print.
a. Recognize the distinguishing features of a sentence (e.g., first word, capitalization, ending punctuation).
Phonological Awareness
Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).
a. Distinguish long from short vowel sounds in spoken single-syllable words.
b. Orally produce single-syllable words by blending sounds (phonemes), including consonant blends.
c. Isolate and pronounce initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in spoken single-syllable words.
d. Segment spoken single-syllable words into their complete sequence of individual sounds (phonemes).
Phonics and Word Recognition
Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
a. Know the spelling-sound correspondences for common consonant digraphs.
b. Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words.
c. Know final -e and common vowel team conventions for representing long vowel sounds.
d. Use knowledge that every syllable must have a vowel sound to determine the number of syllables in a printed word.
e. Decode two-syllable words following basic patterns by breaking the words into syllables.
f. Read words with inflectional endings.
g. Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.
Fluency
Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.
a. Read on-level text with purpose and understanding.
b. Read on-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.
c. Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.
Writing Standards Grade 1
Text Types and Purposes
Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or name the book they are writing about, state an opinion or preference, supply a fact (e.g., because race cars go faster than...) or reason for the opinion, and end with a sentence that restates their opinion related to a feeling or emotion (e.g., it makes me laugh; that was the scariest part).
Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide some sense of closure (e.g., restate at the end the most interesting fact or the most important idea shared).
Use narrative writing to recount two or more real or imagined sequenced events, include some details regarding what happened, who was there, use linking words to signal event order (e.g., first, next, then), and provide an ending (e.g., how the problem was solved; how someone felt at the end).
Production and Distribution of Writing
(Begins in grade 3)
With guidance and support from adults, focus on a topic, respond to questions and suggestions from peers, and add concrete and sensory details to strengthen writing as needed.
With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.
Research to Build and Present Knowledge
Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of "how-to" books on a given topic and use them to write a sequence of instructions or combine or summarize information/facts learned).
With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.
(Begins in grade 4)
Range of Writing
- (Begins in grade 3)
Speaking and Listening Standards Grade 1
Comprehension and Collaboration
Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups.
a. Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion).
b. Build on others' talk in conversations by responding to the comments of others through multiple exchanges.
c. Ask questions to clear up any confusion about the topics and texts under discussion.
Ask and answer questions about key details in a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media.
Ask and answer questions about what a speaker says in order to gather additional information or clarify something that is not understood.
Presentation of Knowledge
Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feelings clearly.
Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings.
Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation. (See grade 1 Language standards 1 and 3 for specific expectations.)
Language Standards Grade 1
Conventions of Standard English
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
a. Print all upper- and lowercase letters.
b. Use common, proper, and possessive nouns.
c. Use singular and plural nouns with matching verbs in basic sentences (e.g., He hops; We hop).
d. Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns (e.g., I me, my; they, them, their, anyone, everything).
e. Use verbs to convey a sense of past, present, and future (e.g., Yesterday I walked home; Today I walk home; Tomorrow I will walk home).
f. Use frequently occurring adjectives.
g. Use frequently occurring conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so, because).
h. Use determiners (e.g., articles, demonstratives).
i. Use frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., during, beyond, toward).
j. Produce and expand complete simple and compound declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences in response to prompts.
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
a. Capitalize dates and names of people.
b. Use end punctuation for sentences.
c. Use commas in dates and to separate single words in a series.
d. Use conventional spelling for words with common spelling patterns and for frequently occurring irregular words.
e. Spell untaught words phonetically, drawing on phonemic awareness and spelling conventions.
Knowledge of Language
- (Begins in grade 2)
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 1 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.
a. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
b. Use frequently occurring affixes as a clue to the meaning of a word.
c. Identify frequently occurring root words (e.g., look) and their inflectional forms (e.g., looks, looked, looking).
With guidance and support from adults, demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
a. Sort words into categories (e.g., colors, clothing) to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent.
b. Define words by category and by one or more key attributes (e.g., a duck is a bird that swims; a tiger is a large cat with stripes).
c. Identify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., note places at home that are cozy).
d. Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs differing in manner (e.g., look, peek, glance, stare, glare, scowl) and adjectives differing in intensity (e.g., large, gigantic) by defining or choosing them or by acting out the meanings.
Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because).